ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื ืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ื ื•ืช

ื ืžืฆืื• 33 ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื,
ืจืฉื™ืžื”
ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”, ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืขื ืœื™ื ื”, ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืœ 5 ืฉื ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
ืขื•ื–ืจืชืœื™ - ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘-ื—ืžื“ - ื—ืŸ ื—.

ื—ืŸ ื—.

ื’ื™ืœ
38
ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” . ืืฉืžื— ืœืชืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื™.. ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื ืงื™ื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ืจื™ื–ื”.
ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื!
ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื!
ืœื—ืฆื• ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ืฆืณืื˜ ืื• ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื•ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.

ื ื˜ืœื™ ื‘.

ื’ื™ืœ
46
ืžืขืœ
12
ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ืืžื ืœ 4 ื ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ .ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืกื“ืจ ื•ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ. ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืขื 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ.ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืกื“ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœื™. 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื“ืจ .

Michael ืค.

ื’ื™ืœ
64
ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”, ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืขื ืœื™ื ื”, ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
15 ืฉื ื™ื

ื ื•ืขื” ืค.

ื’ื™ืœ
33
ืžืขืœ
10
ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืœ ืžื ืงื” ืžื›ื‘ืกืช ืžื’ื”ืฆืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื–ืจื™ื–ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืืžื™ื ื”
ืคืจืกืžื• ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื!
ืคืจืกืžื• ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื!
ืคืจืกืžื• ืžืฉืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”, ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืขื ืœื™ื ื”, ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ืœื ืชืชื—ืจื˜ื• ื’ื ืื ืชืงืจืื• ืœื™ ืœืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ 03 ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืš ืืš ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืืžื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื ืงื™ ื ื™ืงื™ืชื™ ื‘ืจืžืช ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื•ืกื˜ืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ ืกืืœื— ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช 3 ืžืก ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ื ื ื™ืงื™ืชื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื ื™ืงื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืืคืจื•ื“ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื™ืฉื ืกืงื™ 3 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืงื” ืืฆืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื” ืœื•ื™ืื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื” ืงื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื ืช 2000 ืขื“ 2010 ื›ื›ื— ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืืกื•ืชื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื ืงื™ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืœื‘ ืจื™ืื” ืžืงืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื– ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืืžื™ื ื”

ืื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืœ.

ื’ื™ืœ
41
ืžืขืœ
1
ืฉื ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืจืงืข ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ืœื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืขื•ื–ืจืชืœื™ - ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘-ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ - ื ื•ื™ื™ื” ื.

ื ื•ื™ื™ื” ื.

ื’ื™ืœ
40
ืžืขืœ
2
ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ืžื•ื›ื /ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช
ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื
ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
ืื ื™ ื‘ืช 40 ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ 2.1 ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ . ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื’ืžื‘ื•ืจื™ ืž16 ืขื“ 20 ืื– ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ื
ืžืฆืื• ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช
ืžืฆืื• ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื›ื
ืขื•ื–ืจืชืœื™ - ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘-ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื ื• - Ravid A.

Ravid A.

ื’ื™ืœ
50
ืžืขืœ
15
ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช โ€ข ืœืœื ืœื™ื ื”
ืžื•ื›ื /ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช
ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื
ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
ื”ื™ื™, ืฉืžื™ ืจื‘ื™ื“ ื•ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ื˜ื™ืคืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื– ืฉื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจืชื™ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื (ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืช 49 ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ). ืœื ืžื ืงื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื‘ื™ืกื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื›ืœื™ื, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžืžืกื’ืจื•ืช, ื”ืกืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื’ื™ื, ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื– ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืฆื‘ื (ืื ื™ ื‘ืช 49 ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ). ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ ื’ื ื ื™ืงื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืจื’ืข ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช - ื›ื‘ื™ืกื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื”ืกืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'.